For more information on spruce aphids, see the resources below or contact your local Cooperative Extension Service office.
- US Forest Service publication on spruce aphid in Alaska
- UAF-Cooperative Extension publication on spruce aphid in Alaska
Additional References
Lynch, A.M. 2014. XXIV Spruce Aphid (Elatobium abietinum Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In R. Van Driesche and R. Reardon (Eds.), The Use of Classical Biological Control to Preserve Forests in North America (pp. 259-270). USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2013-2. Last accessed January 9, 2019, from https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_journals/2014/rmrs_2014_lynch_a001.pdf.
Powell, W. and W.H. Parry. 1976. Effects of temperature on overwintering populations of the green spruce aphid Elatobium abietinum. Annals of Applied Biology 82:209-219.